Glossary

•   Berms- plants growing along the side that blocks water from flowing
•  Drain-Drip or Grade-Dip- Wide, shallow depressions sculpted into the tread
• Duff- Organic matter that litters the forest floor such as leaves, pine needles, twigs, bark, etc.
•  Mineral soil- soil that is low in organic matter. Soil high in organic content holds water and forms boot sucking mud-holes
•  Out-slope- the outside edge should be lower
•  Puncheon- elevated wooden walkway built to cross swampy or boggy areas
•  Reforestation- to replant trees on land denuded by cuttings or fire
•  Slough- mud, downslide divided by block or narrow trails
•  Terrace- a level field built on top of a hill slope into the floor of a deep valley to improve cultivation of crops. Terracing uses the run-off from the hill to increase soil retentivness and arability and is often part of a larger migration system that includes canals.
•  Turnpike- A structure used to carry a trail across ground that is usually saturated with water, logs, or rocks embedded along the sides of the tread that hold fill material in place to form an elevated travel surface.